Identifying Functions

In this Step we will be thinking about what our Design Solution needs to do if it is to succeed. This will help us to determine what questions we need to ask of nature in order to come up with good solutions.

In Biomimicry a Function refers to an organism’s adaptations which help it survive. For example, the purpose of bear fur is to keep warm, and in technical terms its Function is to conserve heat (insulation). A leaf can photosynthesise (convert energy from the sun into sugar) and it can distribute water (through its veins). Human products also have Functions; a kettle has both the Function to contain water and to heat water (modify its physical state). In brief, a Function is ‘what it does.’

What does your solution need to do if it is to succeed? Without knowing this you cannot find solutions. In Biomimicry we call this identifying Functions.

The Biomimicry Institute has created the Biomimicry Taxonomy which will help you. Look at the diagram on the third page - this provides a helpful list of possible Functions. They start with general terms in the centre, and then get more specific as they radiate out.

Read through the Functions and write down those which are most applicable to your Challenge.

You can return to this Step again later to add new Functions that might arise.